Scoping study to guide research into littering from vehicles

Litter and its impact on the local environment remains an issue of public concern. Local authorities take enforcement action against littering from vehicles but the Government needs evidence on the effectiveness of different approaches - e.g. issuing fixed penalty notices (FPNs) to the person who dropped the litter, or, as in London, a civil penalty (penalty charge notice or PCN) to the registered keeper of the vehicle from which the litter was thrown. Additional information: Please note that Defra procurement uses...